65 yr old male with c/o abdominal distension, abdominal bloating sensation since 2 days


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I have been given this case to solve in an attempt to understand the topic of “ patient clinical data analysis" to develop my competency in reading and comprehending clinical data including history, clinical findings, investigations and come up with diagnosis and treatment plan.


C/o abdominal distension, Abdominal bloating sensation since 20days

 Bilateral Pedal edema since 6months

History of presenting illness:

Patient was apparently alright 6 months back then developed bilateral pedal edema, which was insidious in onset gradually progressive pitting type extending upto knee 

Abdominal  distension which was   insidious in onset gradually associated with sob and  loss of appetite No chest pain, 

No h/o chest pain, sweating, palpitations ,orthopnea,PND

No H/O burning micturition 

No H/O fever,cold,cough

No H/O nausea, vomiting, loose stools 

Past history

 k/c/o diabetes 2 since 10 years

K/c/o CAD  s/p PTCA done on 17/8/22

K/C/O CKD , CLD

H/O jaw surgery was done secondary to cancer 3 year's ago

No TB,

Epilepsy,Asthma.

Personal history:

Appetite: lost

Diet _mixed

Bowel:regular

Bladder: decreased output 

Addiction :  alcohol     occasionally stopped 1 year back

Family history:.

Not significant

General examination;

 pallor present, 

No icterus,cyanosis, clubbing,pedal edema+ no lymphadenopathy


What are the causes of pedal edema??

Ans: chronic liver failure

Renal failure

Heart failure

Vitals 

Temp- afebrile 

PR - 85 bpm

BP- 90/50 mmHg

RR- 16CPM


Systemic examination

CVS- S1,S2 heard,no murmurs

RS - BLAE, NVBS  

Per abdomen ; abdomen distended, non tender 

Diagnostic ascitic tap was done and sent the fluid for anylysis


CNS -  patient is conscious coherent and cooperative. 

No neck stiffness 

NORMAL

MOTOR SYSTEM-      

 TONE    UL  LL         

      RT    N   N

      LT     N    N

SENSORY SYTEM - NORMAL

GLASGOW SCALE- 15/15


REFLEXES  


BICEPS   TRICEPS  SUPINATOR  

RT 2+        2+             1+

LT  2+        2+             1+

      KNEE ANKLE

RT     2+     1+

LT      2+     1+

1) What is the cause of ascitis physiology?

Ans :Ascites occurs when there is a disruption in the pressure forcea between intravascular and extravascular fluid spaces  which allows extravascular fluid to accumulate in the anterior peritoneal cavity.

What are the most common causes of ascitis??

Ans: portal cirrhosis of liver   congestive cardiac failure, malignancy, hepatitic vein obstruction

What infection is caused by ascitis??

Spontaneous bacterial infection is an Infection of fluid that accumulates in the abdomen. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is an infection of abdominal fluid, called ascites, that does not come from an obvious place within the abdomen, such as a hole in the intestines or a collection of pus.

Volume:1.5ml 
Colour: pale yellow
apperance: clear
Total count: 300 cells
90%neutrophils
10% lymphocytes 
RBC : nil
What are the two types of ascitis??
Ans: transudate or exudate based on protein content
Transudates (protein < 25 g/L) are typically due to increased leakage of fluid secondary to raised intravascular pressure.transudative ascitis due to portal hypertension , hypoalbuminemia, ccf
Exudative ascitis: can be secondary to malignancy, inflammation 
What is SAAG ratio?
Saag ratio is used to differentiate between portal hypertensive cause of ascitis and non portal hypertensive cause of ascitis
Patient is having saag ratio 1.19 gm/dl more than 1.1 gm/dl indicate that portal hypertensive cause of ascitis 


culture and sensitivity of ascitis fluid report?

what is the treatment given to this patient??
1.inj NORAD 3200 mcg /min (20ml/hr-3.2 mg/hr)
2.  Inj dobutamine 1500 mcg/min ( 18ml/hr -40mg/hr)
3.INJ dopamine 534 mcg/min (8ml/hr_ 32mg/hr)
4.inj monocef 1gm iv/bd 12 th hourly 
5 inj zofer 4mg iv/bd  
6.inj hydrocartisone  50 mg iv/tid 8 th hourly 
7.in pan 40mg iv /od bbf
8.tab udilive  400 mg po/od
9.tab orofer xt   po/od
10. tab shelcal ct  po/od
11.tab Atorvastatin 10mg po/hs
14. Fluid restrictions less than 1.5 lt /day
15. Inj hai subcutaneous pre meals 6 units 
16 salt restriction less than 2 gm/day
17.2 egg white /day 18.grbs bp,pr monitering hourly  20. Syp lactulose 15ml in 1 glass water po/tid
Investigations:














Provisional diagnosis;  ascites with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 

Chronic liver disease 

 chronic kidney disease stage 4

Ascitic fluid LDH:
ABG

LFT:

ECG;


Cue:
Hemogram;

RFT:


Ascitic fluid protein sugar:
Ascitic fluid amylase:
SAAG:
Hba1c


Troponin _I
Usg







SOAP Notes : icubed 2
14/11/23
S :  no fever spike 
Stools  passed
C/o : nausea, bloating sensation 
O : 
Patient is conscious, cooperative 
Vitals :
Temp : 98.1F
BP : 80/50 mmHg
PR : 80bpm
RR:18cpm
Spo2: 97(RA)
A: 
Ascites with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.chronic liver disease, chronic kidney disease stage 4
K/c/o CAD  s/p PTCA done on 17/8/22 , k/c/o dm 2, 1 prbsc transfused on 14 /11/23
P : 
1.inj NORAD 3200 mcg /min (20ml/hr-3.2 mg/hr)
2.  Inj dobutamine 1500 mcg/min ( 18ml/hr -40mg/hr)
3.INJ dopamine 534 mcg/min (8ml/hr_ 32mg/hr)
4.inj monocef 1gm iv/bd 12 th hourly 
5 inj zofer 4mg iv/bd  
6.inj hydrocartisone  50 mg iv/tid 8 th hourly 
7.in pan 40mg iv /od bbf
8.tab udilive  400 mg po/od
9.tab orofer xt   po/od
10. tab shelcal ct  po/od
11.tab Atorvastatin 10mg po/hs
14. Fluid restrictions less than 1.5 lt /day
15. Inj hai subcutaneous pre meals 6 units 
16 salt restriction less than 2 gm/day
17.2 egg white /day 18.grbs bp,pr monitering hourly  20. Syp lactulose 15ml in 1 glass water po/tid




SOAP Notes : icubed 2
15/11/23
S :  no fever spike 
Stools passed
C/o : hematuria 
O : 
Patient is conscious, cooperative 
Vitals :
Temp : 98.1F
BP : 100/60 mmHg
PR : 80bpm
RR:20cpm
Spo2: 98(RA)
A: 
Ascites with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.chronic liver disease, chronic kidney disease stage 4
K/c/o CAD s/p PTCA done on 17/8/22 , k/c/o dm 2, 1 prbsc transfused on 14 /11/23
P : 
1.inj NORAD 2amp in 46mlNs (/hr-3.2 mg/hr)
2. Inj dobutamine 1500 mcg/min 
3.INJ dopamine 2.5mcg/kg/min (8ml/hr_ 32mg/hr)
4.inj monocef 1gm iv/bd 12 th hourly 
5 inj zofer 4mg iv/bd  
6.inj hydrocartisone 50 mg iv/tid 8 th hourly 
7.inj pan 40mg iv /od bbf
8.tab udiliv 400 mg po/od
9.tab orofer xt po/od
10. tab shelcal ct po/od
11.tab Atorvastatin 10mg po/hs
14. Fluid restrictions less than 1.5 lt /day
15. Inj hai subcutaneous pre meals 6 units 
16 salt restriction less than 2gm/day
17.2 egg white /day 18.grbs bp,pr monitering hourly 19. Syp lactulose 15ml in 1 glass water po/tid 20. Cap rifagut 550mg po/od


SOAP Notes : amcubed 1
16/11/23
S :  no fever spike 
Stools  passed
O : 
Patient is conscious, cooperative 
Vitals :
Temp : 98.1F
BP : 100/60 mmHg
PR : 76bpm
RR:20cpm
Spo2: 98(RA)
A: 
Ascites with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.chronic liver disease, chronic kidney disease stage 4
K/c/o CAD  s/p PTCA done on 17/8/22 , k/c/o dm 2, 1 prbsc transfused on 14 /11/23
P : 
1.inj NORAD 2amp in 46mlNs   1280mcg/kg/hr
3.INJ dopamine 1500mcg/min
4.inj monocef 1gm iv/bd 12 th hourly 
5 inj zofer 4mg iv/sos 
6.inj hydrocartisone  50 mg iv/tid 8 th hourly 
7.inj pan 40mg iv /od bbf
8.tab udiliv  400 mg po/od
9.tab orofer xt   po/od
10. tab shelcal ct  po/od
11.tab Atorvastatin 10mg po/hs
14. Fluid restrictions less than 1.5 lt /day
15. Inj hai subcutaneous pre meals 6 units 
16 salt restriction less than 2gm/day
17.2 egg white /day 18.grbs bp,pr monitering hourly  18. Syp lactulose 15ml in 1 glass water po/tid  19. Cap rifagut 550mg po/bd  20. Inj kcl 40meq in 500ml ns over 4_6 hours iv 21. Tab lasilactone 20/50
[11/14, 19:32] Rakesh Biswas Sir: What cancer did he have? Share his old biopsy reports 

What is his serum creatinine? 

How was he first found to have CKD? 

Share his ultrasound video showing liver, kidneys and heart
[11/14, 19:37] Swathi: 12/11/23
Sr cr:2.7
13/11/23
Sr cr: 3.0
14/11/23
Sr cr: 2.8
[11/14, 20:01] Rakesh Biswas Sir: When was he first found to have raised creatinine?
[11/14, 20:34] Swathi: 23/2/23 sir
[11/14, 20:39] Swathi: 20/2/23 he was presented with pedal edema, facial puffiness for that he went to local hospital sir they diagnosed as a ckd sir
[11/14, 20:41] Swathi: They lost the biopsy report sir


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